Introduction to bipolar junction transistor
The basic construction and construction of a bipolar transistor known as (BJT) consists of P-N junctions resulting from three terminals with the ability to designate each side to define it from the other two parties. It consists of either a thin layer of semiconductor type P that is sandwiched between two types N or another thin layer of type N, which is also sandwiched between two other types of semiconductors of type P and they are named accordingly and the reason is due to their designation because they act using each of the minority carriers and the majority. Also, the three stations are known as the emitter (E), base (B), and collector (C). The group of bipolar transistors has the ability to work within three different regions, which consists of the active region and known to work (as an amplifier), and saturation, which functions (switch) and cut (as a key). From Figure 1.1, the functional difference between a PNP transistor and another transistor known as an NPN is the appropriate (or polar) bias of the links at startup. The current directions and voltage poles of each type of transistor are incompatible with each other for any particular operating condition.
objectives of Project :
The most important thing is that the bipolar junction transistor is one of the most important topics in electronics Because it is included in the modern electronic industries and this is what prompted me strongly to choose this distinct subject The transistor was discovered in (1948-1949) as a result of what American scientists did in the (Telephone Bell) laboratories to use it instead of electronic valves that were working a lot in those days and the word transistor is an abbreviation of the term (resistor transforming), which means transfer and the word (resistor) means Resistance In this research we will pass a number of paragraphs that will explain to us this matter and those points that we will get to know are :
- The project aims to understand a bipolar junction transistor with an illustration of the idea
- . Knowing how the transistor started and who invented an innovation and how it became the greatest discovery
- . Knowing the importance of the transistor and how the information is represented inside
- . Learn how a transistor works.
- . Learn about bipolar junction transistor applications
- Learn about Fundamentals of BJT.
- learn about Transistor modeling.
- learn about DC Analysis of BJT (Bipolar junction transistor) Amplifier Circuits.
- Get to know more about the models Fixed and Emitter and Voltage and Feedback bias
what is the BJT
BJT is an acronym Bipolar Junction Transistor
It is a semiconductor electronic component that has It contains a set of three layers and a number of two layers with the same symbol type and the other the third layer differs from them layer other than it. The layer material is a semiconductor, either of type (N) or of type (P), and when the two layers are of tainted semiconductor material or what is known as (external semiconductor) of type N and the layer different from them is tainted semiconductor of type P then the transistor, In this case, it is NPN type. When the two layers are a P-tainted semiconductor, and the different layer is an N-tainted semiconductor, the transistor is in this case PNP
A bipolar Junction transistor has three terminals, and those terminals are called the base, the emitter, and the collector, and each end connects to one of the layers of the transistor. Also, we can represent the transistor according to its structure in the form of two diodes called the links of the base and the emitter, the base, and the collector and they share the elevator or the cathode, according to the type of the transistor. Therefore, the transistor is subject to the same bias rules as for the diode. In practice, there are four states for biasing the two-transistor links: the forward bias of the base link and the emitter with the reverse bias of the base link and the collector or vice versa, or the bias of both links front or both reverse, and each bias process results in different properties that can be used to employ
the transistor
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